Data Set Information:

This dataset has been developed to help evaluate a "hybrid" learning algorithm ("KBANN") that uses examples to inductively refine preexisting knowledge.  Using a "leave-one-out" methodology, the following errors were produced by various ML algorithms.  (See Towell, Shavlik, & Noordewier, 1990, for details.)

System -- Errors -- Comments
----------------------------------------------------------------
KBANN -- 4/106 -- a hybrid ML system
BP --  8/106 -- std backprop with one hidden layer
O'Neill -- 12/106  -- ad hoc technique from the bio. lit.
Near-Neigh -- 13/106 -- a nearest-neighbor algo (k=3)
ID3 -- 19/106 -- Quinlan's decision-tree builder

Type of domain: non-numeric, nominal (one of A, G, T, C)


Note: DNA nucleotides can be grouped into a hierarchy, as shown below:

 X (any)
/  
 (purine) R     Y (pyrimidine)
 /    /
A   G T   C


Here is that hierachy in a text-friendly format:

X (any)
. R (purine)
. . A
. . G
. Y (pyrimidine)
. . T
. . C

Attribute Information:

1.   One of {+/-}, indicating the class ("+" = promoter).
2.   The instance name (non-promoters named by position in the 1500-long nucleotide sequence provided by T. Record).
3-59.   The remaining 57 fields are the sequence, starting at position -50 (p-50) and ending at position +7 (p7). Each of these fields is filled by one of {a, g, t, c}.

Relevant Papers:

Harley, C. and Reynolds, R. 1987.  "Analysis of E. Coli Promoter Sequences." Nucleic Acids Research, 15:2343-2361.
[Web link]

Towell, G., Shavlik, J. and Noordewier, M. 1990. "Refinement of Approximate Domain Theories by Knowledge-based Artificial Neural Networks." In Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90).
[Web link]

Papers That Cite This Data Set¹:

Ken Tang and Ponnuthurai N. Suganthan and Xi Yao and A. Kai Qin. Linear dimensionalityreduction using relevance weighted LDA. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University. 2005.  [View Context].

Wei-Chun Kao and Kai-Min Chung and Lucas Assun and Chih-Jen Lin. Decomposition Methods for Linear Support Vector Machines. Neural Computation, 16. 2004.  [View Context].

Aik Choon Tan and David Gilbert. An Empirical Comparison of Supervised Machine Learning Techniques in Bioinformatics. APBC. 2003.  [View Context].

Giorgio Valentini. Ensemble methods based on bias--variance analysis Theses Series DISI-TH-2003. Dipartimento di Informatica e Scienze dell'Informazione . 2003.  [View Context].

Zoubin Ghahramani and Hyun-Chul Kim. Bayesian Classifier Combination. Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit University College London. 2003.  [View Context].

Jinyan Li and Limsoon Wong. Using Rules to Analyse Bio-medical data: A Comparison between C4.5 and PCL. WAIM. 2003.  [View Context].

Michael G. Madden. evaluation of the Performance of the Markov Blanket Bayesian Classifier Algorithm. CoRR, csLG/0211003. 2002.  [View Context].

Mukund Deshpande and George Karypis. evaluation of Techniques for Classifying Biological Sequences. PAKDD. 2002.  [View Context].

Takashi Matsuda and Hiroshi Motoda and Tetsuya Yoshida and Takashi Washio. Mining Patterns from Structured Data by Beam-Wise Graph-based Induction. Discovery Science. 2002.  [View Context].

Marina Meila and Michael I. Jordan. Learning with Mixtures of Trees. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 1. 2000.  [View Context].

Jie Cheng and Russell Greiner. Comparing Bayesian Network Classifiers. UAI. 1999.  [View Context].

Ismail Taha and Joydeep Ghosh. Symbolic Interpretation of Artificial Neural Networks. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng, 11. 1999.  [View Context].

Cesar Guerra-Salcedo and L. Darrell Whitley. Genetic Approach to Feature Selection for Ensemble Creation. GECCO. 1999.  [View Context].

Mark A. Hall and Lloyd A. Smith. Feature Selection for Machine Learning: Comparing a Correlation-based Filter Approach to the Wrapper. FLAIRS Conference. 1999.  [View Context].

Mark A. Hall. Department of Computer Science Hamilton, NewZealand Correlation-based Feature Selection for Machine Learning. Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Waikato. 1999.  [View Context].

Creators:

1.  promoter instances: C. Harley (CHARLEY '@' McMaster.CA) and R. Reynolds

2. non-promoter instances and domain theory: M. Noordewier
-- (non-promoters derived from work of lab of Prof. Tom Record, University of Wisconsin Biochemistry Department)

Donor:

M. Noordewier and J. Shavlik, {noordewi,shavlik}@cs.wisc.edu