Data Set Information:

这些数据是通过国际热带海洋全球大气（TOGA）计划开发的热带大气-海洋（TAO）阵列收集的。TAO阵列由横跨赤道太平洋的近70个系泊浮标组成，测量海洋学和地面气象变量，这些变量对于改进对源自热带的季节至年际气候变化的探测、理解和预测至关重要，最显著的是与厄尔尼诺/南方涛动（ENSO）有关的气候变化周期。

系泊系统由美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）太平洋海洋环境实验室（PMEL）开发。每个系泊测量空气温度、相对湿度、表面风、海面温度和地下温度，深度达500米，几个浮标测量洋流、降雨量和太阳辐射。可以在此地址的web上查看阵列中的数据和当前更新。

本世纪最强的1982-1983年厄尔尼诺/南方涛动（ENSO）周期在全世界造成了许多问题。世界上的一些地区，如秘鲁和美国，由于降雨量增加，遭受了毁灭性的洪水，而西太平洋地区则经历了干旱和毁灭性的灌木丛火灾。ENSO循环在接近峰值之前既没有被预测也没有被检测到。这突出了海洋观测系统（即TAO阵列）的必要性，以支持季节至年际时间尺度上的大尺度海洋-大气相互作用研究。

TAO阵列为世界各地的气候研究人员、天气预报中心和科学家提供实时数据。可以使用ENSO循环数据提前一到两年预测热带太平洋的温度。这些预测是可能的，因为系泊浮标、漂流浮标、自愿船舶温度探测器和海平面测量。

感兴趣的研究问题包括：
-如何利用这些数据预测全世界的天气状况？
-变量之间的关系如何？
-哪些变量对气候变化的影响更大？
-浮标的移动量是否影响数据的可靠性？
-在对数据进行分析时，应注意自相关的可能影响。使用多元回归方法对数据建模需要考虑自回归，因为前几天的天气统计数据将影响今天的天气。

The data is stored in an ASCII files with one observation per line. Spaces separate fields and periods (.) denote missing values.

More information and data from the TAO array can be found at the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory TAO data webpage: [Web link]

Information on storm data is available here: [Web link]. This site contains data from January 1994 to April 1998 in a chronological listing by state provided by the National Weather Service. The data includes hurricanes, tornadoes, thunderstorms, hail, floods, drought conditions, lightning, high winds, snow, and temperature extremes.

Hurricane tracking data for the Atlantic is available here: [Web link]. The site contains a map showing the paths of the Atlantic hurricanes and also includes the storms winds (in knots), pressure (in millibars), and the category of the storm based on Saffir-Simpson scale.

Another site of interest related to the ENSO cyles is available here: [Web link]. This site contains information on twelve areas of the world that have demonstrated ENSO-precipitation relationships. Included in the site are maps of the areas and time series plots of actual daily precipitation and accumulated normal precipitation for the areas.

Attribute Information:

The data consists of the following variables: date, latitude, longitude, zonal winds (west

Relevant Papers:

N/A

Papers That Cite This Data Set¹:

Stephen D. Bay and Dennis F. Kibler and Michael J. Pazzani and Padhraic Smyth. The UCI KDD Archive of Large Data Sets for Data Mining Research and Experimentation. SIGKDD Explorations, 2. 2000.  [View Context].

Citation Request:

Please refer to the Machine Learning Repository's citation policy

Original Owner:

Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
US Department of Commerce
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/

Donor:

Dr Di Cook
Department of Statistics
Iowa State University
dicook '@' iastate.edu
http://www.public.iastate.edu/~dicook/